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The Apostle Paul frequently emphasized the importance of declaring Jesus as “Lord” and believing in His resurrection from the dead for salvation. This declaration might sound fairly straightforward at first, but upon closer examination it raises deep theological and spiritual questions regarding the early Church as it existed in the Roman Empire. In his letter to the Romans, Paul says plainly, “If you declare with your mouth, ‘Jesus is Lord,’ and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved” (Romans 10:9*). So, what does Paul teach us about declaring Jesus as one’s personal Lord?

Context

The early Christian church grew up in a Roman-dominated world that was highly influenced by Greek literature, philosophy, art, and other lesser facets of Greek culture.  The term “lord” (Greek: kyrios) was generally used to denote authority and ownership. It was a title often bestowed upon emperors, kings, gods, and other figures of ultimate authority. Those who watched Game of Thrones might recall hearing someone commanded to “bend the knee,” i.e. bow before another, often under a threat of death, and swear to faithfully serve them.  

By urging believers to declare Jesus as “Lord,” Paul was challenging Roman culture and Rome’s political good order. This declaration was a direct affront to a large number of Romans who professed Caesar as the ultimate “lord.” Paul’s assertion that Jesus is Lord was a declaration of His ultimate authority, above all earthly rulers and powers.

In this context, Paul’s message becomes a threat of insurrection. To declare Jesus as “Lord” was to “bend the knee” to Him above all other authority. It demands a complete makeover of one’s life and priorities, aligning them with Jesus’ teachings and the example of how He lived. For early Christians, declaring Jesus “Lord” was much more than a public profession of faith. It was a dangerous political declaration that invited Roman persecution and risked ostracism in public, religious, and political sectors.

Pronouncing Jesus as “Lord” encompasses several key aspects of Christian beliefs. Foremost, it acknowledges Jesus’ divinity. In Philippians 2:9-11, Paul describes how God exalted Jesus and bestowed upon Him “the name that is above every name,” such that “at the name of Jesus every knee should bow… and every tongue acknowledge that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.” This passage highlights the divine authority and honor accorded to Jesus, reinforcing His central role in God’s plan of salvation that has existed from God’s foundation of the world.

Pronouncing Jesus “Lord” affirms His sovereignty over every facet of one’s life. It implies a surrender to Jesus’ will and guidance, trusting in His lordship to guide and transform one’s life. This declaration is inseparably linked to the believer’s acknowledgment of Jesus’ resurrection from the dead. Paul points to the resurrection as definitive proof of Jesus’ divine power and authority. The resurrection is a transformative truth in that it enables believers to live in accordance with Jesus’ teachings.

Personal Transformation

On an individual level, declaring Jesus as “Lord” signifies a deep internal transformation. It requires a conscious decision to turn away from sin and self-centeredness and embrace a life of discipleship. Christian discipleship is marked by love, humility, and service. Paul describes this transformation in terms of a “new creation” in 2 Corinthians 5:17 and “putting on the new self” in Ephesians 4:24. These highlight the radical change in personal priorities and purpose that occur when one becomes abandoned to Jesus.

Declaring Jesus “Lord” is the central point of unity and shared identity among believers, who are often referred to as “brothers and sisters in Christ.” With Jesus as “Lord” Christians are joined together in a common faith and mission. This communal aspect is evident in Paul’s frequent use of the metaphor of the body of Christ, where each believer is a member with unique gifts and roles, all contributing to the health and growth of the whole (1 Corinthians 12:12-27). The lordship of Jesus rises above cultural, social, racial, and ethnic divisions, creating a diverse yet highly cohesive community of faith. Praise the Lord!

Doxology

“For I am convinced that neither death nor life, neither angels nor demons, neither the present nor the future, nor any powers, neither height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God that is in Christ Jesus our Lord.” —Romans 8:38-39

* All Bible quotations are NIV unless otherwise noted.

Copilot AI was used to assist with historical research for this article.